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On June 9, 1982, three days after the start of the first Lebanon War, IAF pilots waited with great tension and suspense for the signal to embark on one of the air force’s most complicated missions: attacking Syrian missile batteries in Lebanon’s Beqaa Valley. In Jerusalem, the government continued to discuss the operation, struggling over fears of an escalation with…
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Following the acquisition of the first captured German turbojets at the end of 1944, various Soviet design bureaux were ordered…
The Bosnian-Herzegovinian Infantry (Bosnisch-Hercegovinische Infanterie), commonly called the Bosniaken (German for Bosniaks), was a branch of the Austro-Hungarian Army. As…
Art by Piotr Forkasiewicz But there are less gloomy views. Pilot Officer David Oliver was a Lancaster pilot on 12…
When the Civil War began, leaders in both the North and the South thought that it would be a short war, but the two sides had very different military strategies regarding how to bring about…
Following the attack on Fort Sumter and the secession by the Confederacy the Union devised a strategy to limit the length of the war. Lincoln had no desire for further bloodshed and thus wanted a…
The entire goal of the American Revolution including the penning of the Declaration of Independence was to gain the colonists and the newly formed American nation legitimacy internationally. The Declaration of Independence was written to…
“I have no reply to make to your general other than from the mouth of my cannons and muskets.” Frontenac…
Altogether, twenty-four ships were sunk or damaged by the kamikazes that day. Though the suicide planes had not succeeded in…
An A-3 rocket mounted at Kummersdorf on stand no. 3. This was the largest at Kummersdorf and could be moved…
These debates take place in an environment where potential adversaries continue to accelerate their military modernisation. The fortunes of Russia’s…
Personal flag of Philippe PĂ©tain, Chief of State of Vichy France (Chef de l’État Français) Progressive end of the Vichy regime La France d’outre mer – French Colonies The relations of the United States with the Free French were curiously unpleasant. This was despite the gradual souring of US relations…
Britain’s greatest mistake was one of the most spectacular follies of the entire war. It was a secret weapon that was doomed to fail from the start – the giant Panjandrum. This was to be a large explosive wheel that could roll up the beaches and destroy German fortifications on…
Notable missile systems such as Scud, Scaleboard and Scarab gave Soviet commanders the means to strike deep into the enemy’s lines of communication and across the battlefield. The initial generation of mobile medium- and intermediate-range ballistic nuclear missiles such as the SS-4 Sandal and SS-5 Skean were transported by cumbersome…
Charge of the Rough Riders at San Juan Hill by Frederic Remington. In reality, they assaulted San Juan Heights and the portion later called Kettle Hill by the Americans. US Army photo taken near the base of Kettle Hill about July 4, 1898. The soldier is pointing up to the…
On 20 April at the graduation exam, I commanded a live-firing exercise – I calculated the data and directed the firing. We graded out at the top. I acquired the rank of lieutenant, while those who had passed with a `Good’ mark or a `Satisfactory’ were made junior lieutenants. Five…
“RUSSIAN ARMAGEDDON – THE SHELON RIVER BATTLE” 1990-1993, oil on canvas, golden foil, 195Ă—290 cm. Martha the Mayoress at the Destruction of the Novgorod Veche, by Klavdiy Lebedev Ivan launches attack on Novgorod, wins victory at Shelon River on 14 July – When Aleksandr of Yaroslavl dies, Ivan annexes the…
Reviews of the battle at Waterloo almost always look at the multitude of mistakes made, primarily on Napoleon’s part. While it is true he made more than was his wont, it still took a commander able to take advantage of those mistakes in order to emerge victorious. In considering the…
Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) ground forces. They were amphibious assault troops, elite marines organized originally in brigade-strength units of about 2,000 men each. Rikusentai were an interwar advance by the IJN toward true marines, away from a World War I practice of simply forming shore parties from ships’ crew. They…
British coastal assault on St Cast in Brittany in September 1758. A German map, published…
Schnellboot S-80 torpedo boat Camo Operations with the Kriegsmarine S-boats were often used to patrol…
American Lend-Lease supplies to the USSR 1941–45. Soviet historiography is mocked in the West, where…
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